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The Timeless Elegance of Mitaines: A Glimpse into Historical Fashion of the Zaan region

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Blauwe mitaines uit de zaanstreek
Mitaines, the elegant fingerless gloves, were a staple in women’s fashion from the mid-18th to early 19th centuries. These accessories were designed to cover the palm, wrist, and forearm, often adorned with a delicate lace trim at the end.

Mitaines were essential for both style and practicality, complementing the traditional fitted coats that finished just beyond the elbow. They ensured that the rest of the arm remained warm, whether indoors or outdoors. In the summer months, mitaines served a dual purpose by preventing sun tanning on the arms when worn outside. Crafted from thin cotton yarn or luxurious silk fabrics, these gloves were not only functional but also a statement of elegance and refinement. The intricate designs and materials reflected the wearer’s social status and fashion sensibilities.

onge Zaanse vrouw in klederdracht met fraaie kap. Plaat I. Zaandamsche Dame naar het leeven getekend, uit: J. Grabner: Brieven over de Vereenigde Nederlanden , Vijftiende Brief. Kleeding der onderscheiden Volks-klassen in de Nederlanden. (Haarlem, bij A. Loosjes, 1792). Op de bijgevoegde Plaaten vertoonen zich de Hindeloopsche Friesche en Zuibevelansche kleederdragten der Vrouwen, even als de Zaandamsche Dame naar het leeven getekend.
Picture of a young woman dressed in a traditional costume of the Zaan region. Zaanlandia Illustrata nummer 754, 1700-1799. Gemeentearchief Zaanstad.

The Intricate Craft Behind Zaan Mitaines

The Zaan region, known for its rich textile traditions, boasts a fascinating collection of mitaines. The Zaans Museum houses 52 pairs of mitaines from the period 1750-1825. This collection showcases the region's craftsmanship, with 47 pairs featuring intricate knitting techniques and patterns. In the Zaan region, rather than preferring a monochrome look, it was common to knit mitaines with two different colors of yarn, adding a unique and vibrant touch to these accessories.

Paar mitaines, Zaanstreek, 1775–1800.
Two pair of colorful machine-knitted mitaines which were made in the Zaan region, 1775-1800. Nederlands Openluchtmuseum / Collectie Gelderland.
Paar mitaines, Zaanstreek, 1775–1800

Special knitting patterns for mitaines were abundant, allowing for a variety of designs that catered to personal tastes and regional styles. The use of lace and braid trimming, especially on mitaines without thumbs that ended in a point on top of the hand, was a distinctive feature in the Zaan area. These details highlight the meticulous attention to detail and the high level of skill involved in their creation.

Blauwe mitaines afkomstig uit de Zaanstreek
A knitted pair of blue silk mitaines, 1775-1799. Zaans museum
Blauwe mitaines afkomstig uit de Zaanstreek. Zaans museum

Machine-knitted mitaines, produced using knitting frames similar to those used for stockings, became popular during this period, reflecting advancements in textile manufacturing techniques. Despite the rise of machine knitting, the handcrafted quality and intricate patterns of mitaines continued to be cherished. Machine knitting significantly reduced manufacturing costs and the time required to produce a single pair of mitaines. However, it couldn't replicate the intricate and elegant patterns achieved through traditional handcrafting.

Detail van een blauw paar mitaines uit de zaanstreek.
Detail of the blue silk mitaines. Zaans museum.

Enduring Style, Where Function Meets Elegance

The enduring charm of mitaines lies in their blend of practicality and elegance. They not only provided warmth and protection but also allowed women to express their individuality through intricate patterns and luxurious materials. Today, the mitaines in the Zaans Museum offer a window into the past, showcasing the artistry and cultural heritage of the Zaan region.


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Derin Bulat

Digital Art History & Museology


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